```mermaid
flowchart LR
%% Left arm: decomposition (top→bottom)
subgraph Decomposition
direction TB
A["Stakeholder Needs<br>(00 B2 FA DF)"]
B["System Requirements<br>(44 A5 FA FF)"]
C["High‑Level Design<br>(40 A4 FA EF)"]
D["Detailed Design<br>(42 84 F8 CF)"]
end
%% Bottom: implementation (bottom of V)
subgraph Implementation
direction BT
E["Implementation<br>(C0 84 D0 46)"]
end
%% Right arm: validation & integration (bottom→top)
subgraph Validation_Integration
direction BT
F["Unit Testing<br>(86 C4 D0 56)"]
G["Subsystem Integration<br>(C6 C0 80 46)"]
H["System Verification<br>(86 F2 C0 4F)"]
I["Operational Validation<br>(4E FF FF FF)"]
end
%% Main V flow
A --> B --> C --> D --> E --> F --> G --> H --> I
%% Traceability (dashed) closing the V
A -.-> I
B -.-> H
C -.-> G
D -.-> F
%% Semantic links (optional)
B -- depends on --> A
C -- refines --> B
D -- instantiates --> C
E -- implements --> D
F -- verifies --> D
G -- integrates --> E
H -- validates --> B
I -- confirms intent of --> A
%% Highlight start & end
style A fill:#ddeeff,stroke:#000
style I fill:#ddeeff,stroke:#000
```